The human body is composed of various kinds of cells and by looking at the body from this perspective is the best way to comprehend what free radicals are.
The chemical bond of a cell is composed of various types of molecules that are held together with one or more atom.
The composition of an atom is: nucleus, proton, and electrons where the sum of the protons determines the total amount of electrons that will be around the atom.
The role of the electrons is to manage chemical reactions that occur inside the atom as well as the substances that makes the atoms form molecules. Much like planets, electrons revolve around the atom in one or more shells.
A atom is considered full when two electrons occupy the innermost layer. When the second layer is filled with electrons, the process starts all over again
The most important thing in determining the structural characteristic of an atom is the number of electrons in the outermost shell.
Maximum stability is reached when the atom has a full outer shell. This is the ideal condition every atom seeks to attain and is achieved by the following conditions:
Picking up or dropping electrons that will either occupy or leave the outer shell
Bonding together with other atoms and sharing electrons to complete the outer most shell
The most common way atoms achieve stability is with sharing electrons with other atoms. In this way the atom is able to achieve maximum stability.
Frequently, the bonds remain intact so that the atoms do not become unpaired. However, when this does occur the highly unstable free radicals are formed and they react quickly to obtain their own stability.
The ideal way free radicals attack is by locating the nearest molecule they can find that has achieved maximum stability and start stealing electrons. Once a molecule is attacked, it too becomes a free radical. This process creates a chain reaction that continues until it causes cells to become damaged.
Common times when free radicals occur are during metabolism as well as when the body is fighting off bacteria or viruses. Pollution, cigarette smoke, radiation, and pesticides are other times when free radicals can occur.
Most of the time the body is able to fight off free radicals, but if antioxidants are unavailable or if there are too many free radicals, cellular damage can occur. As you get older free radical damage gets more progressive.
Author: Dr. Lorna Mistranski
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Source: PopularArticles.comTM / Health and Medical / Fitness / http://www.PopularArticles.com/article178991.html
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